INTRODUCTION Webber Academy (or “the school”), a private educational institution in Alberta, defined itself as non-denominational: it did not engage in any overt religious practice (with one possible and qualified exception). Yet, after two Alberta Human Rights Commission (AHRC) decisions, two Queen’s Bench (as it then was) (QB) judgements, two Court of Appeal (CA) rulings […]

Written by Daniel Standing, LL.B., Content Editor, First Reference Inc. The Supreme Court of British Columbia rendered a decision (2024 BCSC 55 (CanLII)) on judicial review which looked at the employer’s choice to implement a COVID-19 vaccination policy, and whether, under the Labour Relations Code, it was obligated to enter into discussions with the union […]

For those of us raised in Canada and who studied law here, it can be easy to forget that the way we practise law is very… Canadian. While we’re all aware that there are substantive differences between Canadian law and the law of other jurisdictions, it’s much easier to forget that the practice of law […]

In R. v. Spencer[1] the Supreme Court of Canada held that a reasonable expectation of privacy attaches to subscriber information — the name, address, and contact information — associated with an individual Internet Protocol (IP) address. In R. v. Bykovets[2], the majority found that reasonable expectation of privacy extends to the numbers which make up […]

In the 1920s, Jackie Coogan became one of Hollywood’s first child stars after playing the titular role of “The Kid” alongside Charlie Chaplin. Having starred in several box office successes, Coogan’s childhood career had earned him an estimated $4 million (roughly $62 million today). When Coogan tried to access his earnings in his 20’s, however, […]